The Wattled Ibis occurs throughout the Ethiopian plateau from about 1500 meters (5000 feet) to the highest moorlands; it is most common along highland river courses with rocky, cliff-like edges but is found also in open country and ill olive, juniper, podocarpus, hagenia, St. Johin's wort and giant heath forests and occasionally in eucalyptus stands. The ibis is gregarious, often flocking in groups of 50 to 100; rarely is it found alone. Small flocks of ibis can often be seen in Addis Ababa, flying between the old Palace and Trinity Cathedral grounds and in the area surrounding the National Palace. The birds normally roost on cliff-edges; in the early morning, they fly and call noisily while following the river courses to their feeding areas, which are usually in open country. With their long downward-curved beaks they probe the ground, searching for insects and other small invertebrates.

Little is known about the ibis's breeding habits. The prenuptial behavior including establishment of pairs and preparation of nesting sites as well as length of incubation and brooding behavior are not known. The ibis nests in the little rains in March-April, in the big rains ill July and occasionally in the dry season in December. Its nest is made of sticks and lined with grass stems, mosses and strips of bark. The Wattled Ibis normally lays two to three dirty-white, rough-shelled eggs. The birds seem typically to nest in colonies in bushes growing out from cliffs, but surprisingly few of their nesting sites have been reported considering what a common and obvious plateau bird it is. Occasionally the Wattled This nests singly or in twos or threes on tops of trees or on ]edges of houses. The young, covered in black feathers when still at the colony, are fed away from the colonial site once they can fly. Little else about the life of this species is known: it provides an excellent opportunity for study and observation of an Ethiopian endemic. .

 Source internet

Injera is not only a kind of bread—it’s also an eating utensil.

In Ethiopia and Eritrea, this spongy, sour flatbread is used to scoop up meat and vegetable stews. Injera also lines the tray on which the stews are served, soaking up their juices as the meal progresses. When this edible tablecloth is eaten, the meal is officially over.

Injera is made with teff, a tiny, round grain that flourishes in the highlands of Ethiopia. While teff is very nutritious, it contains practically no gluten. This makes teff ill-suited for making raised bread, however injera still takes advantage of the special properties of yeast. A short period of fermentation gives it an airy, bubbly texture, and also a slightly sour taste.

Ethiopian and Eritrean immigrants have modified their recipes after moving to the United States or Europe, depending on what grains are available to them. The injera you find in many East African restaurants in the United States includes both teff and wheat flours. Most injera made in Ethiopia and Eritrea, on the other hand, is made solely with teff.

Source Internet

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Menagesha -suba forest

After  55 kilometer    ,drive   West   of Fin fine   ,out  of  which    20 kilometer   is desty    road     detouring      3 kilometer  .after   town   of  Menagesa   ,enjoys   the  menagesha    suba   forest   was   originally     protected    by    killing  Zebra   Jakob   of  shewa   and   was   reserved    as   crown  land   in the  old  system     .at  the   present    the  forest    is   brought    to be    a   park   and   being     conserved     by    government      .the  total   area   of      natural   forest     alone   is   about    2500  hectar      whose    composition    represents   the  natural  high    forest     vegetation      various      from    hight   forest      to  Afro  alpine      vegetation    within the    altitude of  range  of   about  2300   m   to   above    3000 .

The   oldest  tree   of juniper's     procera   which    estimated   to  be    over  200    years      old   and   six    other    tree  species     are  among    high   forest     while   Erica  arboral  and   helichrysum     spp   represent   vegetation    of on e of     above      3000m  (  high  altitude  )  .subba    as  a    tourist   site  boasts  not  only      indigenous   tree   species    but    also    an umber of  birds  and mammals   species   including    Menelik Bush buck  ( endemic    sub species    )  which   took  refugee  in the forest    enclose  .the   forest  is  characterize  by   thick   heath and lush    undergrowth  's   palms     and   hero  (  endemick  to  Ethiopia  ).

As  a fotrest  is  dominated   by  junipers    and    podocarpes     Graciela which  are      estimated   to be   four  hundred  years   old  .

The   park   is  motor able  through    a  winding   dusty   road   on  Western    slope     of  the  mountains     ,wechaca  at  the top of  the mountain     where   the  giant   tree   give   their   way   to greaa  land    ,there  is   a  guest    tree   rose     and  camping   ground    from    here   visitors   certainly  enjoy   the  spectacular       scenery     of  the   p0alin   for way   of    Adere   and    MOgli  mountains   which   is  the  place   for  sighiteseeing    ,hiking   and   bird watching   and   natural    endemic   natural admiration .

Source Internet

Ethiopia:”Hot Springs Paradise”.

 A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermal heated groundwater from the Earth's crust. There is hot springs all over the earth, on every continent and even under the oceans and seas. In general, the temperature of rocks within the earth increases with depth. The rate of temperature increase with depth is known as the geothermal gradient. If water percolates deeply enough into the crust, it will be heated as it comes into contact with hot rocks. The water from hot springs in non volcanic areas is heated in this manner.In active volcanic zones water may be heated by coming into contact with magma (molten rock).

 
 Even Norwegian territory contains two, the in Troll and Jotun hot springs in   Northwest Spitsbergen National Park are the northernmost documented terrestrial hot springs on earth at almost 80 degrees north latitude.

But Ethiopia has more. The Great Rift Valley passes through the country, and there is a short distance from the crust of the earth to the actual ground, making many “hot-springs” available.    Here are some of the “hot springs spots” in and close to Addis Abeba:

 
Hilton Hotel: The Swimming-pool is heated from hot springs. A small pond besides the pool is directly heated from the springs.

Filowha: Shower and bathtubs heated by hot water. A place “ordinary Ethiopians” go to relax, enjoy and clean up. Situated not far from Hilton.

Finfinne Resturant: A hotel and traditional Ethiopian restaurant with nice food, and naturally hot water flowing out from the taps when you wash your hands. No bathing, but definatly a “hot-spring experience”. Situated not far from the Hilton, opposite Filowha.

Wondo Genet:  Outside of Addis, southeast of Shashamene. Has a hot swimming pool, and you can shower in the hot water being spurted down from the mountain side. The nearby hotel has a cottage that used to belong to Emperor Haile Selassie. Well worth spending a night in what used to be his bed!

Sodere: Drive to Adama, and the 25 km to the south, you will find the Sodere resort, with a large, 3 meters deep swimming-pool. You can also shower in naturally heated water. The area is lush and green, with an abundance of monkeys.  

Weliso: 100 kilometers southwest of Addis on the Jimma Road. At Negash Resort, you will find a swimming pool fed by hot springs. A relaxing resort with relatively high-standard, not far from Addis on a road without much traffic and queues.

 Source Internet